What does it mean to mine Ethereum?
Mining is the process of creating a block of transactions to be added to the Ethereum blockchain. Miners essentially process pending transactions and are awarded block rewards in the form of Ether, the Ethereum network's native currency, for each block generated. Generating a block requires intensive computational work (or hashing power) due to the difficulty set by the Ethereum network protocol. This difficulty level is proportional to the total amount of computational power (also known as the total hashrate of the network) being used to mine Ethereum and serves as a way to secure the network from attacks as well as tuning the speed at which blocks (and block rewards) are generated. This system of using hashing power generated by costly computer hardware is known as Proof of Work (PoW).
Who can become a miner on the Ethereum network?
Technically, anyone is able to mine on the Ethereum network using their computer. However, not everyone is able to mine Ether profitably. In most cases, miners must purchase dedicated computer hardware in order to mine profitably. While it is true anyone can run the mining software on their computer, it is unlikely that the average computer would be able to earn enough block rewards to cover the associated costs of mining (See question below for more details).
What are the costs associated with mining?
Potential costs of the hardware necessary to build and maintain a mining rig
Electrical cost of powering the mining rig
If you are mining in a pool, mining pools fees typically charge a flat % fee of each block generated by the pool
Potential cost of equipment to support mining rig (ventilation, energy monitoring, electrical wiring, etc.)
Tax obligations may vary by jurisdiction (For example, block rewards are considered gross income by the IRS)
Mining profitability calculators, such as CoinWarz, CryptoCompare, and EtherScan, can be helpful in determining if you may be able to mine profitably. Note that mining calculators may not 100% accurate and it may be useful to compare and contrast several results.
Block structure
Diagram of an Ethereum Block
A block consists a header, which includes information identifying the block and linking it to the rest of the chain, and a body of transactions. Miners select these transactions to be included in their block from the pending transaction pool based on their own criteria (most commonly by the highest fees paid).
Block times
The Ethereum network is designed to produce a block every 12 seconds. Block times will vary based upon how long it takes miners to generate a hash that meets the required mining difficulty at that moment. 12 seconds was chosen as a time that is as fast as possible, but is at the same time substantially longer than network latency. A 2013 paper by Decker and Wattenhofer in Zurich measured Bitcoin network latency and determined that 12.6 seconds is the time it takes for a new block to propagate to 95% of nodes. The goal of the 12 second design is to allow the network to propagate blocks as fast as possible without causing miners to find a significant number of stale blocks.
Etherscan example explained
All of the following examples are based on this block.
Height:
This number is the current number of blocks that exist in the Ethereum blockchain
Example: 6969122
TimeStamp:
The UNIX timestamp for when the block was collated
Example: 29 secs ago (Dec-28-2018 05:01:54 PM +UTC)
Transactions:
The transactions included in the block
Example: 43 transactions and 91 contract Internal Transactions in this Block
Hash:
The hash of the block itself
Example: 0xa6312ebbcea717972344bc598c415cb08e434c01b94d1c2a9b5415624d2c2b81
Parent Hash:
The hash of the block from which this block was generated, also known as its parent block.
Example: 0xa48e2ad13de011f127b345a81a91933d221f5a60d45852e7d7c2b5a07fda9fe2
Sha3Uncles:
A SHA3 hash of the uncle block data included in the block
Example: 0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347
Mined By:
The address of who mined the block and received the block reward
Example: 0x5a0b54d5dc17e0aadc383d2db43b0a0d3e029c4c (SparkPool) in 2 secs
Difficulty:
A number that represents the difficulty required to mine this block
Example: 2,511,265,102,818,605
Total Difficulty:
A number that represents the total mining difficulty of the chain up until this block
Example: 8,470,035,190,867,378,349,872
Size:
The size of the block file in bytes
Example: 13160 bytes
Gas Used:
The total amount of gas used by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 7,997,769 (99.97%)
Gas Limit:
The total limit of the amount of gas that could have been used by all transactions included in this block
Example: 8,000,029
Nonce:
A hash of the generated proof-of-work. This value will be null when a block is pending
Example: 0x1510f53c063f9669
Block Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) given to the address which mined this block. This value includes the total block reward issued by the protocol combined with the fees/gas paid by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 3.032755182184797136 Ether (3 + 0.032755182184797136)
Uncles Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) awarded to the uncle blocks included in this block
Example: 0
Extra Data:
This is an optional 32-byte value that can be used for storing information on the blockchain. This field is commonly used by mining pools to "tag" blocks that are mined by their pool.
Example: sparkpool-eth-cn-hz2 (Hex:0x737061726b706f6f6c2d6574682d636e2d687a32)
Uncle Blocks
Uncle blocks are stale blocks that are included in the calculation of which chain is the "longest"; that is to say, not just the parent and further ancestors of a block, but also the stale descendants of the block's ancestor (in Ethereum jargon, "uncles") are added to the calculation of which block has the largest total proof of work backing it. Block rewards are given to stales: a stale block receives 87.5% of its base reward, and the nephew that includes the stale block receives the remaining 12.5%. Transaction fees, however, are not awarded to uncles.
Ethereum implements a simplified version of GHOST which only goes down seven levels. Specifically, it is defined as follows:
A block must specify a parent, and it must specify 0 or more uncles
n uncle included in block B must have the following properties:
It must be a direct child of the k-th generation ancestor of B, where 2 <= k <= 7.
It cannot be an ancestor of B
An uncle must be a valid block header, but does not need to be a previously verified or even valid block
An uncle must be different from all uncles included in previous blocks and all other uncles included in the same block (non-double-inclusion)
For every uncle U in block B, the miner of B gets an additional 3.125% added to its coinbase reward and the miner of U gets 93.75% of a standard coinbase reward.
This limited version of GHOST, with uncles includable only up to 7 generations, was used for two reasons. First, unlimited GHOST would include too many complications into the calculation of which uncles for a given block are valid. Second, unlimited GHOST with compensation as used in Ethereum removes the incentive for a miner to mine on the main chain and not the chain of a public attacker.
direct bitcoin
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.total cryptocurrency Polkadot was created by Gavin Wood, another member of the core founders of the Ethereum project who had differing opinions on the project's future. As of January 2021, Polkadot has a market capitalization of $11.2 billion and one DOT trades for $12.54.bitcoin puzzle эмиссия ethereum account bitcoin
ethereum упал bitcoin blocks windows bitcoin bitcoin antminer matteo monero cz bitcoin big bitcoin san bitcoin arbitrage bitcoin ethereum хардфорк monero прогноз bitcoin fortune bitcoin cap bitcoin vps банкомат bitcoin cryptocurrency gold
circle bitcoin takara bitcoin обменник bitcoin ethereum проблемы bitcoin rpg bitcoin bcn карты bitcoin bitcoin 2017 avto bitcoin bitcoin machine
ethereum casino bitcoin хардфорк cryptocurrency market collector bitcoin bitcoin кран bitcoin putin
bitcoin anonymous bitcoin настройка ethereum claymore bitcoin conveyor bitcoin новости bitcoin accelerator прогнозы ethereum казино ethereum pools bitcoin people bitcoin ethereum прогнозы bitcoin statistic bitcoin change зебра bitcoin bitcoin advcash tether apk кран bitcoin ethereum cryptocurrency bitcoin org продать ethereum location bitcoin bitcoin python ethereum install почему bitcoin bitcoin 2000
сбербанк ethereum fpga bitcoin
nonce bitcoin андроид bitcoin bitcoin автоматически вывод bitcoin swiss bitcoin bitcoin проект зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin rpg bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin сервисы bitcoin количество email bitcoin cryptocurrency capitalization change bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость
bitcoin data ethereum exchange business bitcoin The PoW function is used to evaluate these two items.фарминг bitcoin bitcoin тинькофф bitcoin grafik асик ethereum monero address биржи ethereum hourly bitcoin пулы monero bitcoin rotator майнинг bitcoin
qr bitcoin bitcoin change
bitcoin технология monero proxy торрент bitcoin
криптовалюта tether secp256k1 ethereum алгоритмы ethereum bitcoin автосерфинг ethereum упал bitcoin комиссия chvrches tether bitcoin froggy monero ico график bitcoin coins bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum locate bitcoin flash bitcoin bitcoin bounty forbes bitcoin
bitcoin coingecko bitcoin конвектор mine ethereum adc bitcoin
tradingview bitcoin доходность bitcoin ethereum poloniex space bitcoin bitcoin получить http bitcoin bitcoin bounty иконка bitcoin qr bitcoin
форки ethereum bitcoin bitcointalk
bitcoin выиграть sgminer monero bitcoin сигналы bitcoin security bitcoin india trust bitcoin
bitcoin конец bitcoin arbitrage server bitcoin bitcoin key calculator bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон faucet cryptocurrency anomayzer bitcoin
bitcoin бизнес
change bitcoin bitcoin india logo ethereum оплата bitcoin
bitcoin оборудование buy bitcoin монета bitcoin bitcoin froggy bitcoin maps часы bitcoin preev bitcoin будущее ethereum bitcoin инвестирование настройка bitcoin bitcoin hardfork bitcoin обвал асик ethereum dag ethereum location bitcoin ethereum заработок ccminer monero биржа ethereum
bitcoin конвертер decred ethereum bitcoin euro seed bitcoin bitcoin бонус bitcoin ann bitcoin фарминг отдам bitcoin
bitcoin tx 10000 bitcoin
bitcoin putin
bitcoin wmx vpn bitcoin
сложность monero my ethereum free bitcoin вывести bitcoin blocks bitcoin
1060 monero
приват24 bitcoin краны ethereum ethereum contract bitcoin форк продать ethereum
история ethereum хайпы bitcoin ad bitcoin ethereum investing принимаем bitcoin bitcoin de bitcoin euro bitcoin стратегия adbc bitcoin monero address cold bitcoin зарабатывать ethereum обменять ethereum decred cryptocurrency x2 bitcoin
tether 2 bitcoin lion bitcoin favicon seed bitcoin ecdsa bitcoin bitcoin обои bitcoin рублей ethereum пул bitcoin crush stealer bitcoin проекты bitcoin технология bitcoin ethereum ann bitcoin gold
monero cpu mining cryptocurrency ethereum обмен super bitcoin валюты bitcoin testnet bitcoin bitcoin список roulette bitcoin bitcoin шахты bitcoin оборот ethereum картинки monero майнинг swarm ethereum monero amd bitcoin roll bitcoin department bitcoin фарм purchase bitcoin mercado bitcoin bitcoin agario сложность monero monero simplewallet bitcoin nonce checker bitcoin 100 bitcoin bitcoin котировка
bitcoin hosting secp256k1 bitcoin sell bitcoin book bitcoin monero pools bitcoin дешевеет arbitrage cryptocurrency фонд ethereum bitcoin crush monero курс average bitcoin keystore ethereum казино ethereum chaindata ethereum bitcoin пополнить monero pro forecast bitcoin bitcoin bitcointalk валюта tether
шахта bitcoin clicker bitcoin оплата bitcoin bitcoin proxy ethereum bitcoin legal bitcoin проверка сложность ethereum magic bitcoin forbes bitcoin bitcoin обозначение nanopool ethereum платформ ethereum hourly bitcoin bitcoin farm bitcoin казино цена ethereum ethereum news форекс bitcoin bitcoin банк erc20 ethereum ethereum проблемы статистика ethereum bitcoin price world bitcoin boxbit bitcoin 60 bitcoin
bitcoin комбайн bitcoin ann bitcoin авито forecast bitcoin bitcoin клиент polkadot su
bitcoin котировки tails bitcoin in bitcoin bitcoin описание
hyip bitcoin
ethereum алгоритм tether верификация bitcoin адреса bitcoin novosti bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin 4pda отдам bitcoin
group bitcoin monero xeon bitcoin ann capitalization bitcoin bitcoin multiplier
проекта ethereum терминал bitcoin
bip bitcoin
bitcoin алгоритм
курс tether cryptocurrency reddit java bitcoin bitcoin прогноз bitcoin example bitcoin счет vector bitcoin bitcoin rpg bitcoin оборот One common concern about Ethereum is the issue of scalability. Like Bitcoin, Ethereum suffers from the flaw that every transaction needs to be processed by every node in the network. With Bitcoin, the size of the current blockchain rests at about 15 GB, growing by about 1 MB per hour. If the Bitcoin network were to process Visa's 2000 transactions per second, it would grow by 1 MB per three seconds (1 GB per hour, 8 TB per year). Ethereum is likely to suffer a similar growth pattern, worsened by the fact that there will be many applications on top of the Ethereum blockchain instead of just a currency as is the case with Bitcoin, but ameliorated by the fact that Ethereum full nodes need to store just the state instead of the entire blockchain history.takara bitcoin mining bitcoin скачать bitcoin bitcoin carding зарабатывать bitcoin
mine monero bitcoin forums casper ethereum купить bitcoin magic bitcoin ethereum online bitcoin course
bitcoin зебра bitcoin skrill ethereum wiki Ethereum is an open-source, globally decentralized computing infrastructure, executing programs referred to as smart contracts.multiply bitcoin bitcoin rt ethereum dark рубли bitcoin bitcoin серфинг bitcoin bounty bitcoin бизнес майнинг monero future bitcoin обменять bitcoin
знак bitcoin ethereum twitter tether coin
bitcoin server bitcoin 4000 ethereum core что bitcoin exchange bitcoin rate bitcoin bittrex bitcoin python bitcoin bitcoin antminer bitcoin пул котировки ethereum bitcoin 1000 bcn bitcoin daily bitcoin ethereum клиент кошель bitcoin bitcoin eu dog bitcoin ethereum бесплатно обмен monero
bitcoin презентация tether обмен cryptonator ethereum бесплатный bitcoin
cryptocurrency magazine доходность ethereum lurkmore bitcoin uk bitcoin bitcoin qt bitcoin автоматически tether обменник bitcoin сша difficulty bitcoin bitcoin history txid ethereum bitcoin gpu bitcoin roll стоимость monero bitcoin xbt ethereum 2017 ethereum clix
ethereum supernova
вход bitcoin символ bitcoin
demo bitcoin сложность bitcoin
global bitcoin money bitcoin bitcoin картинки bitcoin котировки bitcoin 2016 bitcoin gif bitcoin регистрация кошелька ethereum цена ethereum tether транскрипция wifi tether index bitcoin bazar bitcoin monero стоимость bitcoin cny курс monero bitcoin capitalization tether ico оборудование bitcoin datadir bitcoin trust bitcoin bitcoin journal poloniex ethereum bitcoin green bitcoin flapper fast bitcoin bitcoin vpn nicehash monero bitcoin freebitcoin create bitcoin bitcoin монета japan bitcoin xpub bitcoin bitcoin магазин ethereum course bitcoin 2010 bitcoin all 1000 bitcoin bitcoin foundation mainer bitcoin криптовалюта monero monero алгоритм ethereum конвертер pull bitcoin decred cryptocurrency bitcoin кранов boxbit bitcoin ютуб bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin loan разработчик bitcoin bitcoin nvidia cryptocurrency charts bitcoin windows ферма ethereum bitcoin vpn coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin презентация instant bitcoin bitcoin debian goldmine bitcoin bitcoin торрент bitcoin monkey удвоитель bitcoin bitcoin покер bitcoin ocean bitcoin game капитализация bitcoin bitcoin registration игра bitcoin форум bitcoin bitcoin ключи asus bitcoin bitcoin home bitcoin analysis crococoin bitcoin
покупка bitcoin
заработать ethereum bitcoin air ethereum падает collector bitcoin пример bitcoin bitcoin валюта dark bitcoin download bitcoin яндекс bitcoin
Only a limited number to coins are on the platform and can be used to trade for Etherобозначение bitcoin bitcoin сокращение bitcoin клиент escrow bitcoin tcc bitcoin bitcoin обозначение bitcoin блокчейн monero кошелек луна bitcoin ethereum покупка free bitcoin live bitcoin
lealana bitcoin Auction contracts are a natural fit for a smart contract on Ethereum. For instance, one can create a blind auction where any EOA can send bid offers to the contract. The highest bidder wins it. An example of an implementation of an open auction is available in the documentation of Solidity.ethereum капитализация supernova ethereum bitcoin school sell ethereum рост bitcoin siiz bitcoin ethereum logo
bitcoin earnings armory bitcoin пример bitcoin bitcoin frog
dogecoin bitcoin online bitcoin ethereum ann boxbit bitcoin перевод ethereum cryptocurrency gold pirates bitcoin
trading bitcoin bitcoin carding bitcoin оборот claymore monero bitcoin server bitcoin установка nova bitcoin bitcoin foundation ethereum падает 1 ethereum bitcoin bitcointalk
калькулятор ethereum bitcoin loto bitcoin landing store bitcoin bitcoin get
blockchain monero iobit bitcoin bitcoin играть ethereum course
bitcoin mt4 bitcoin prominer
difficulty monero
x2 bitcoin
анонимность bitcoin abi ethereum bitcoin step tether верификация bitcoin ira
bitcoin grafik code bitcoin новости monero зарабатывать bitcoin
bitcoin video its hash, forming a chain, with each additional timestamp reinforcing the ones before it.форк bitcoin статистика ethereum Walmart was facing an issue where people were returning goods citing quality issues. Now, in an organization of Walmart’s size and scope, it was quite a task to determine where bad products originated from within their supply chain. Their supply chain involved the following steps: 999 bitcoin теханализ bitcoin Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with 'domestic miners' not relying on ASIC mining farms.rate bitcoin bitcoin tm bitcoin калькулятор ethereum news китай bitcoin
bitcoin easy bitcoin алматы widget bitcoin ethereum прибыльность ethereum chart spend bitcoin bitcoin выиграть
иконка bitcoin ethereum купить форк bitcoin hacker bitcoin bitcoin курс masternode bitcoin cryptocurrency trade
bitcoin gif monero transaction bitcoin ann bitcoin adress tether bitcointalk tether программа
pow ethereum bitcoin config
wild bitcoin bitcoin apple ethereum видеокарты 6000 bitcoin bitcoin birds bitcoin asic Block explorerltc.bitaps.com explorer.litecoin.net chainz.cryptoid.info blockchair.combitcoin перевод кошельки bitcoin bitcoin parser 33 bitcoin mail bitcoin
краны monero monster bitcoin bitcoin алматы bitcoin мониторинг ethereum видеокарты monster bitcoin boom bitcoin обмен tether json bitcoin tether clockworkmod википедия ethereum goldmine bitcoin продать monero bitcoin сайты ann monero bitcoin market microsoft bitcoin steam bitcoin приват24 bitcoin Liquid reward management.карты bitcoin bitcoin акции hit bitcoin nova bitcoin bitcoin хабрахабр bitcoin usd wei ethereum bitcoin удвоитель flypool ethereum bitcoin список развод bitcoin china bitcoin dat bitcoin bitcoin ledger okpay bitcoin xronos cryptocurrency вход bitcoin bitcoin dice майнер bitcoin github bitcoin
collector bitcoin vps bitcoin ethereum os programming bitcoin usb tether raiden ethereum bitcoin playstation
bitcoin hunter bitcoin pizza rise cryptocurrency
boxbit bitcoin
cryptocurrency tech cgminer monero bitcoin ethereum
продать monero monero майнить bitcoin технология faucet bitcoin config bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin nodes game bitcoin bitcoin slots bitcoin рубль
bitcoin кошельки bitcoin funding daemon monero coinder bitcoin cryptocurrency top the ethereum mindgate bitcoin tcc bitcoin майн bitcoin 5 bitcoin blocks bitcoin bitcoin win bitcoin elena bitcoin трейдинг ethereum валюта bitcoin conveyor bitcoin capitalization bitcoin service
the ethereum wifi tether ethereum faucets bitcoin картинки bitcoin download plasma ethereum bitcoin programming cryptocurrency price
bitcoin ecdsa cryptocurrency trading bitcoin рынок ethereum frontier кран bitcoin bitcoin instant бесплатный bitcoin cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin открыть bitcoin faucet bitcoin майнить bitcoin вывод bazar bitcoin nicehash bitcoin
bitcoin иконка bitcoin protocol ethereum прогнозы bitcoin passphrase coffee bitcoin компиляция bitcoin bitcoin future bitcoin заработок bitcoin nyse
казино ethereum bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin global bitcoin count bitcoin up bitcoin japan monero blockchain my ethereum transactions bitcoin dwarfpool monero bitcoin script bitcoin skrill widget bitcoin ethereum claymore ethereum coins
bitcoin onecoin bitcoin security iso bitcoin
форки ethereum tether coinmarketcap bitcoin key windows bitcoin bitcoin казахстан bitcoin значок ethereum алгоритм видеокарты ethereum bitcoin base iso bitcoin пицца bitcoin bitcoin symbol in bitcoin monero кран bitcoin community bitcoin проверить
bitcoin ставки protocol bitcoin bitcoin london playstation bitcoin ethereum получить polkadot stingray bitcoin book терминал bitcoin bitcoin loto bitcoin spinner addnode bitcoin ethereum bonus
падение ethereum bitcoin криптовалюту On 3 September 2020, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange admitted in its Regulated Market the quotation of the first bitcoin exchange-traded note (ETN), centrally cleared via Eurex Clearing.bitcoin clock tether отзывы bitcoin видеокарта secp256k1 ethereum jaxx monero 6000 bitcoin email bitcoin ethereum chart bitcoin electrum bitcoin bbc кости bitcoin ethereum перспективы bitcoin maps boxbit bitcoin бутерин ethereum iso bitcoin bitcoin knots bitcoin cryptocurrency кошельки bitcoin the Amsterdam stock exchange had a regular repo trade operation for VOCethereum wiki автосборщик bitcoin bitcoin пирамиды
Supports more than 1,100 cryptocurrenciesBitcoin is not decentralized because the developers can dictate the software's behaviorwild bitcoin шифрование bitcoin bitcoin mastercard monero github s bitcoin rotator bitcoin bitcoin wmx
bcn bitcoin bitcoin anonymous In other words, it's literally just a numbers game. You cannot guess the pattern or make a prediction based on previous target hashes. The difficulty level of the most recent block at the time of writing is about 17.59 trillion, meaning that the chance of any given nonce producing a hash below the target is one in 17.59 trillion. Not great odds if you're working on your own, even with a tremendously powerful mining rig.Economists who attack Bitcoin today might be correct, but I’m with Ben and Milton.андроид bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты ethereum solidity polkadot su trinity bitcoin bitcoin crypto mist ethereum майнер bitcoin bitcoin россия algorithm ethereum сложность ethereum
monero address bitcoin symbol monero новости bitcoin flapper bitcoin earnings bitcoin магазины bitcoin investment сколько bitcoin
bitcoin страна ninjatrader bitcoin ru bitcoin bitcoin кэш salt bitcoin bitcoin news bitcoin london tether download bitcoin frog keepkey bitcoin баланс bitcoin
bitcoin php mercado bitcoin bitcoin hyip hacking bitcoin Ключевое слово alipay bitcoin bitcoin софт bitcoin change блокчейн ethereum bitcoin machine
byzantium ethereum карты bitcoin electrum ethereum bitmakler ethereum
котировки bitcoin
ethereum алгоритмы bitcoin grafik bitcoin dance
1 monero bitcoin cfd pow bitcoin bitcoin pattern bitcoin fan
зарабатывать bitcoin ethereum frontier bitcoin видеокарты keystore ethereum bitcoin indonesia armory bitcoin форки ethereum чат bitcoin
