1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
Because bitcoin mining is best achieved through pooling (joining a group of thousands of other miners), the organizers of each pool choose how to divide bitcoins that are discovered. Bitcoin mining pool organizers can dishonestly take more bitcoin mining shares for themselves.bitcoin mmgp настройка ethereum bitcoin all вывод monero bitcoin trend bitcoin daemon Simplicity: the Ethereum protocol should be as simple as possible, even at the cost of some data storage or time inefficiency.fn. 3 An average programmer should ideally be able to follow and implement the entire specification,fn. 4 so as to fully realize the unprecedented democratizing potential that cryptocurrency brings and further the vision of Ethereum as a protocol that is open to all. Any optimization which adds complexity should not be included unless that optimization provides very substantial benefit.3 bitcoin bitcoin пирамида nya bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость пирамида bitcoin bitcoin take бутерин ethereum bitcoin elena moneybox bitcoin chain bitcoin bitcoin миксеры bitcoin markets bitcoin games bitcoin genesis best bitcoin bitcoin ukraine установка bitcoin ethereum pools etoro bitcoin автокран bitcoin RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)stock bitcoin clame bitcoin bitcoin комбайн майн bitcoin bitcoin tor
bitcoin pizza
конвертер ethereum ethereum бесплатно ethereum rotator bistler bitcoin clame bitcoin bitcoin tools tether верификация bitcoin миллионеры новый bitcoin favicon bitcoin boom bitcoin
bitcoin оборот cronox bitcoin coin bitcoin bitcoin pay Imagine if we had this power with the regular contracts we currently use as part of our everyday lives! You always get payments on time and you will never be underpaid, that’s for sure.flappy bitcoin
bitcoin valet difficulty ethereum
bitcoin перевод bitcoin gif bitcoin visa ethereum miner bitcoin evolution buy tether
расшифровка bitcoin ethereum обвал кости bitcoin monero кран ethereum обвал bitcoin now bitcoin instant usb tether javascript bitcoin bitcoin algorithm 2011bitcoin вирус метрополис ethereum security bitcoin gemini bitcoin Easy to set updao ethereum search bitcoin работа bitcoin bitcoin lurk bitcoin hash
fenix bitcoin rpc bitcoin tether 2 bitcoin монеты
bitcoin регистрация dog bitcoin local ethereum bitcoin people bitcoin click алгоритм bitcoin
finney ethereum q bitcoin bitcoin приложение secp256k1 bitcoin работа bitcoin bitcoin faucets bitcoin millionaire information bitcoin bitcoin clouding
инструкция bitcoin adc bitcoin обменник bitcoin bitcoin motherboard bitcoin исходники dwarfpool monero key bitcoin A bitcoin holds a simple data ledger file called a blockchain. Each blockchain is unique to each user and the user's personal bitcoin wallet.bitcoin youtube рейтинг bitcoin stealer bitcoin bitcoin net black bitcoin
wired tether автомат bitcoin bitcoin ротатор доходность bitcoin monero client monero майнить
bitcoin ставки картинки bitcoin 4000 bitcoin
monero хардфорк
е bitcoin london bitcoin bitcoin обмена
bitcoin withdraw bitcoin инструкция Verified STAFF PICKмиксер bitcoin bitcoin habrahabr
bitcoin loto bitcoin брокеры bitcoin комбайн
trinity bitcoin
world bitcoin monero новости сайте bitcoin заработок ethereum аккаунт bitcoin attack bitcoin lottery bitcoin xbt bitcoin оплатить bitcoin cryptocurrency wallets ethereum course ethereum erc20 alpha bitcoin
system bitcoin
ethereum calculator ethereum картинки 99 bitcoin masternode bitcoin doge bitcoin bonus bitcoin кошельки bitcoin iphone bitcoin roboforex bitcoin okpay bitcoin half bitcoin strategy bitcoin bitcoin prices bitcoin reindex DAOs are based on Ethereum smart contracts, which can be programmed to carry out certain tasks only when certain conditions are met. These smart contracts can be programmed to automatically execute typical company tasks, such as disbursing funds only after a certain percentage of investors agree to fund a project.Fungibility simply means that units of a currency (or asset) are interchangeable. For example, a $100 bill can be replaced by another $100 bill, or even two $50 bills. This is what makes fiat currency (USD, EUR, JPY, etc.) fungible.bitcoin block cryptocurrency news
перспективы bitcoin
Majority consensus in bitcoin is represented by the longest chain, which required the greatest amount of effort to produce. If a majority of computing power is controlled by honest nodes, the honest chain will grow fastest and outpace any competing chains. To modify a past block, an attacker would have to redo the proof-of-work of that block and all blocks after it and then surpass the work of the honest nodes. The probability of a slower attacker catching up diminishes exponentially as subsequent blocks are added.bitcoin экспресс new cryptocurrency Crypto trading should be used as a way to support the technology and not as a quick way to get rich!bitcoin создать bitcoin registration monero pro bitcoin frog bitcoin spinner amazon bitcoin bitcoin акции ethereum кошельки bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin logo bitcoin руб bitcoin bbc перевод bitcoin moneybox bitcoin bitcoin скачать bitcoin pay
A public distributed ledger is a collection of digital data that is shared, synchronized, and replicated around the world, across multiple sites, countries, and institutions. Now let's consider a blockchain that can be accessed by anyone in the network around the world. If someone tries to alter data in one of the blocks, everyone in the network can see the alteration, because everyone in the network has a copy of the ledger. In this way, data tampering is prevented.testnet bitcoin
global bitcoin bitcoin работа bitcoin links bitcoin рубль Monero's Challengesethereum myetherwallet windows bitcoin bitcoin trader
hashrate ethereum конвертер ethereum tether курс игра bitcoin bitcoin fpga bitcoin vizit
bitcoin развод bitcoin waves icons bitcoin ethereum стоимость ethereum контракты ethereum org sec bitcoin bitcoin favicon
bitcoin авито A third fascinating use case for Bitcoin is micropayments, or ultrasmall payments. Micropayments have never been feasible, despite 20 years of attempts, because it is not cost effective to run small payments (think $1 and below, down to pennies or fractions of a penny) through the existing credit/debit and banking systems. The fee structure of those systems makes that nonviable.bitcoin play bitcoin attack bitcoin рубль cronox bitcoin bitcoin cash blue bitcoin
tether usb credit bitcoin bitcoin 2x ethereum логотип tether купить bitcoin ishlash bitcoin habr перевод bitcoin monero nvidia bitcoin monkey мастернода bitcoin майнер monero bitcoin sportsbook баланс bitcoin titan bitcoin plus500 bitcoin buying bitcoin tether верификация установка bitcoin bitcoin block converter bitcoin
bitcoin forex bitcoin обучение монета ethereum новости bitcoin и bitcoin bitcoin продажа bitcoin com widget bitcoin tether программа genesis bitcoin shot bitcoin форум ethereum bitcoin today рост bitcoin bitcoin froggy film bitcoin bitcoin сегодня Blockchain explained: a chart.The block chain is collaboratively maintained by anonymous peers on the network, so Bitcoin requires that each block prove a significant amount of work was invested in its creation to ensure that untrustworthy peers who want to modify past blocks have to work harder than honest peers who only want to add new blocks to the block chain.blocks bitcoin monero кран ethereum ann инструмент bitcoin cryptocurrency exchange
ecdsa bitcoin polkadot cadaver is bitcoin polkadot ico usdt tether mainer bitcoin bitcoin cracker apk tether настройка bitcoin freeman bitcoin
hacking bitcoin bitcoin сложность bitcoin 2010 ethereum курсы
ethereum описание 1080 ethereum cryptocurrency charts bitcoin hacking bitcoin exchanges
blogspot bitcoin ethereum mine bitcoin service blog bitcoin monero miner tether download
ethereum видеокарты bitcoin word With blockchains, by offering your computer processing power to service the network, there is a reward available for one of the computers. A person’s self-interest is being used to help service the public need.bitcoin apk habrahabr bitcoin simple bitcoin network bitcoin connect bitcoin ethereum бесплатно зарегистрироваться bitcoin topfan bitcoin apple bitcoin bitcoin elena ethereum miners monero amd bitcoin plus coffee bitcoin datadir bitcoin bitcoin surf bitcoin pay бесплатно bitcoin top tether monero amd
trading bitcoin Like the Ledger Nano X, the Trezor Model T also comes with a USB Type-C cable so that you can connect to either your smartphone or desktop computer. Currently, the Trezor Model T supports more than 1,600 different cryptocurrencies. Some consider the Model T to be a bit more secure than the Ledger Nano X due to the X’s Bluetooth connectivity (although Ledger's Bluetooth is optional).Much like Bitcoin, Litecoin mining has also coalesced around mining pools, in which large groups of miners collaborate to increase the probability of finding a block. Such pools offer economies of scale that are absent in individual mining efforts.Why Do Bitcoins Have Value?cryptocurrency calculator By December 2017, one Bitcoin was worth more than twenty thousand US Dollars! Today, the price of a single Bitcoin is 7,576.24 US Dollars. Which is still a pretty good return, right?bitcoin форки проекта ethereum bitcoin обмена динамика ethereum tether usd книга bitcoin clicker bitcoin habr bitcoin
ethereum investing bitcoin token китай bitcoin golden bitcoin bitcoin курс bitcoin golden bitcoin коды hashrate bitcoin ethereum node bitcoin bot ethereum calculator bitcoin code bitcoin sec monero fee eos cryptocurrency xapo bitcoin block bitcoin bitcoin zone
bitcoin nvidia bitcoin store разработчик ethereum bitcoin spinner сайте bitcoin bootstrap tether bitcoin online xpub bitcoin
tether транскрипция bitcoin sha256 bitcoin перспективы goldmine bitcoin bitcoin mac exchange bitcoin cryptocurrency market bitcoin fake хайпы bitcoin bitcoin config bitcoin hash bitcoin tor комиссия bitcoin bitcoin bounty биржа ethereum ethereum tokens bitcoin торги bitcoin demo bitcoin github bitcoin расшифровка advcash bitcoin вложить bitcoin balance bitcoin polkadot ico difficulty bitcoin polkadot store заработок ethereum
casino bitcoin tx bitcoin продажа bitcoin bitcoin click bitcoin c monero pools bye bitcoin фото bitcoin bitcoin заработок bitcoin автокран bitcoin лайткоин ethereum stats bitcoin математика bitcoin legal bitcoin io цена ethereum bitcoin получить nicehash ethereum bitcoin apple wmx bitcoin bitcoin pro
bitcoin сборщик
приват24 bitcoin tether обменник 4pda bitcoin bitcoin knots cronox bitcoin криптовалюту monero конвектор bitcoin free ethereum network bitcoin bitcoin пул краны monero bitcoin habr ethereum russia logo ethereum bitcoin create claim bitcoin котировки ethereum
создатель bitcoin bitcoin 20
bitcoin com monero биржи testnet ethereum bitcoin blog bitcoin автокран amd bitcoin 10 bitcoin bitcoin конец bitcoin conference Wikipedia defines 'Bitcoin' as follows (2018-05-26):system bitcoin bitcoin ethereum bitcoin virus cryptocurrency ethereum ethereum classic alpha bitcoin аналитика bitcoin bitcoin usd bitcoin зарабатывать ethereum twitter проекты bitcoin bitcoin start telegram bitcoin
bitcoin бизнес bitcoin network cold bitcoin bitcoin masternode bitcoin habr казино ethereum bitcoin golden secp256k1 bitcoin ethereum course epay bitcoin tether майнинг reward bitcoin
ethereum classic видеокарты bitcoin
monero краны bitcoin спекуляция flash bitcoin bitcoin комиссия ios bitcoin cryptocurrency trading bitcoin fasttech monero купить
bitcoin pdf bitcoin лохотрон stellar cryptocurrency bitcoin unlimited bitcoin freebitcoin sec bitcoin bitcoin 2018 пул monero депозит bitcoin
ethereum web3 продам ethereum reddit cryptocurrency apple bitcoin краны bitcoin что bitcoin tether ico bitcoin win Scrolling through a typical app store you’ll see a variety of colorful squares representing everything from banking to fitness to messaging apps. The long-term vision of the Ethereum community is to make apps that look just like these, but that work differently under the hood. q bitcoin форк bitcoin bitcoin код добыча bitcoin bitcoin darkcoin bitcoin тинькофф trezor bitcoin
bitcoin пулы bitcoin game global bitcoin bitcoin kran программа tether bitcoin математика теханализ bitcoin rise cryptocurrency ethereum рост 2016 bitcoin
bitcoin игры bitcoin click adbc bitcoin bitcoin wordpress erc20 ethereum fake bitcoin bitcoin blockstream алгоритм bitcoin app bitcoin ethereum stratum shot bitcoin fast bitcoin биткоин bitcoin bitcoin выиграть testnet bitcoin bitcoin site продам ethereum cryptocurrency analytics bitcoin antminer bitcoin free купить tether adc bitcoin seed bitcoin bitcoin фарм
Rigged votes is an illegal activity that occurs during most traditional voting systems. Also, citizens who want to vote to wait a little longer in a queue and cast their votes to a local authority, which is a very time-consuming process.bitcoin комиссия ethereum майнеры nodes bitcoin future bitcoin
bitcoin transactions asrock bitcoin bitcoin оборот bitcoin tube monero ico bitcoin book bitcoin instaforex сеть bitcoin bitcoin сеть ethereum coin bitcoin wm блог bitcoin bitcoin click транзакции monero bitcoin motherboard bitcoin email production cryptocurrency
ethereum краны bitcoin рейтинг game bitcoin clame bitcoin
bubble bitcoin
apple bitcoin bonus ethereum bitcoin sec перевести bitcoin bitcoin earn java bitcoin
euro bitcoin bitcoin blue брокеры bitcoin bitcoin faucets grayscale bitcoin
форк bitcoin site bitcoin
bitcoin конвертер bitcoin exchanges картинки bitcoin bitcoin fees bitcoin euro bitcoin приложения loans bitcoin bitcoin игры bitcoin like tether android short bitcoin price bitcoin ethereum cgminer ad bitcoin carding bitcoin doubler bitcoin
bitcoin reserve zebra bitcoin exmo bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin криптовалюта monero okpay bitcoin
ninjatrader bitcoin masternode bitcoin bitcoin service новые bitcoin bistler bitcoin wild bitcoin ethereum contracts магазины bitcoin bitcoin взлом bitcoin p2pool ethereum видеокарты airbitclub bitcoin bitcoin buying bitcoin png bitcoin puzzle hash bitcoin bitcoin pdf Joining a mining poolbitcoin прогноз dog bitcoin qr bitcoin цена ethereum bitcoin betting parity ethereum bitcoin plus500 fast bitcoin сложность ethereum
bitcoin casascius bitcoin инвестирование otc bitcoin ccminer monero bitcoin node reddit cryptocurrency
bitcoin save bitcoin multibit bitcoin banking bitcoin москва bitcoin xyz криптовалюта monero майнер bitcoin oil bitcoin
bitcoin armory bitcoin income wiki bitcoin bubble bitcoin bitcoin talk
bitcoin generator bitcoin игры bitcoin mastercard
продам bitcoin обменники ethereum bitcoin skrill titan bitcoin bitcoin primedice ethereum регистрация bitcoin кошелька client ethereum flypool ethereum ethereum статистика pplns monero
widget bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin monero ann торги bitcoin Are there other major investors who are investing in it? It’s a good sign if other well-known investors want a piece of the currency.bitcoin программа видео bitcoin bitcoin mmgp nodes bitcoin bitcoin рубли bitcoin продам bitcoin cryptocurrency продать ethereum
forbot bitcoin foto bitcoin bitcoin motherboard cryptocurrency wikipedia bitcoin fire bitcoin bitrix bitcoin etherium bitcoin 1070 ethereum platform bitcoin q bitcoin etf bitcoin darkcoin ethereum новости ann monero ethereum курсы ethereum аналитика platinum bitcoin bitcoin бонусы alpari bitcoin monero hardware доходность ethereum daemon bitcoin bitcoin dollar валюта monero bitcoin evolution
